返青至拔节期高温对小麦农艺性状和产量的影响

为探索返青至拔节期高温对小麦农艺性状和产量的影响,以石麦25和石麦26为试验材料,采用田间搭棚增温的方法,设高温胁迫时间15、21和27 d计3个处理,以田间自然生长为对照,研究了返青至拔节期高温胁迫对小麦株高、秸秆韧性、穗部性状和产量的影响。结果表明:高温处理导致2个小麦品种的株高、重心高度、基部第2节间长度、不孕小穗数及其比例显著提高,基部第2节间机械强度、抗倒指数、单位面积穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和产量显著降低。随着高温持续时间的延长,高温对小麦农艺性状和产量的不利影响越大。     

鲜食葡萄园水肥一体化生产技术规程

《鲜食葡萄园水肥一体化生产技术规程》介绍了鲜食葡萄园水肥一体化生产技术,对园地选择、设备配置、肥水管理、整形修剪、病虫害防治和采收包装等进行了规范,适用于山东省范围内鲜食葡萄产区及国内同类型地区,目标产量为2.25万～3万kg/hm~2。     

4种药剂防治马铃薯地下害虫田间药效试验

为探明德州地区马铃薯地下害虫发生为害情况,筛选出防治马铃薯地下害虫安全且有效的药剂,在马铃薯收获时对马铃薯地下害虫的发生情况进行了调查;采用马铃薯块茎拌种(药液与块茎质量比为1∶10)的方式,比较了4种药剂对马铃薯地下害虫的田间防效,以期筛选出对马铃薯地下害虫防效好且对马铃薯安全的药剂种类及其适宜用量。结果表明:德州地区马铃薯地下害虫种类主要有蛴螬、金针虫和地老虎。35%丁硫克百威种子处理干粉剂用量10 mL/kg处理对蛴螬、金针虫和地老虎防效均较高,达到80%左右;对马铃薯茎块的保护率最高,为56.54%。3%阿维菌素微囊悬浮剂用量10 mL/kg处理防效较差,在50%左右;对马铃薯茎块的保护率最低,为32.90%。各药剂处理的马铃薯叶色、长势等均正常,未观察到药害现象发生。建议使用35%丁硫克百威种子处理干粉剂100倍液拌种防治马铃薯地下害虫。     

多段进水一体化污水处理设备处理农村污水研究

目的根据农村污水的水质特点,基于UCT污水处理工艺设计了多点分段进水一体化处理设备,以提高工艺,提高氮磷去除效率。为相关应用提供了支撑。方法以北京市通州区城郊农村污水为对象,通过模拟试验,研究进水方式对处理污水效果的影响。结果相对于传统单点进水方式,两段和三段进水对处理农村生活污水除污染效果更好,最佳污染去除率在三段进水条件下达到,此时COD、TN和TP去除率分别为93%～97%、82.9%～86.2%和86%～91%,比单点进水和两段进水分别高15%和8%、13%和6%、13%和5%。结论采取多段进水运行方式能够有效提高污水处理系统对氮磷去除效率。     

基于问题导向的农业物料工程特性实验课教学探索

农业物料工程实验课程教学在农林类院校培养研究生科研、创新意识，以及提供农业物料基本工程数据等方面发挥着关键作用，传统实验教学大多为机械式照搬实验指导，重现数据，忽略了研究生的理论基础和主观能动性。该文提出在农业物料工程特性实验课程中以学生科研课题需求为导向，设置扫描电镜、原子力显微镜和红外光谱等实验内容，以农业物料的理化特性表征分析贯穿始终，最后通过撰写论文报告采用团队互评等形式可显著提升课程实效。      

ROCK promotes high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhi-biting PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

AIMTo investigate whether Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) is involved in high glucose-induced apoptosis of primary cardiomyocytes by regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. METHODSPrimary Wistar rat cardiomyocytes were cultured and identified by α-sarcomeric actin (α-SCA) immunohistochemistry. Cardiomyocytes were treated with 5.5, 33 and 40 mmol/L glucose for 48 h. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay, and the mRNA expression of ROCK1 and ROCK2 in the cardiomyocytes was detected by RT-qPCR. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the apoptosis of the cardiomyocytes. The protein levels of ROCK1, ROCK2, cleaved caspase-3, Bcl-2, PI3K, Akt and p-Akt were determined by Western blot. In order to confirm the regulatory effect of ROCKs on PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, the cells were divided into control group (5.5 mmol/L glucose), high glucose group (33 mmol/L glucose) and high glucose+Y27632 (ROCK inhibitor) group. Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of ROCK1, ROCK2, PI3K, Akt and p-Akt. RESULTSAfter 48 h of high glucose exposure, the values of relative cell viability in 33 and 40 mmol/L glucose groups were (79.71±2.43)% and (68.41±7.49)%, respectively, both of which were significantly decreased compared with normal control group (P<0.05). After 48 h of high glucose exposure, the relative mRNA levels of ROCK1 and ROCK2 in 33 and 40 mmol/L glucose groups were significantly increased compared with normal control group (P<0.05). Compared with normal control group, the apoptotic rate in 33 and 40 mmol/L glucose groups was increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with normal control group, the protein expression of ROCK1, ROCK2 and cleaved caspase-3 in 33 and 40 mmol/L glucose groups was increased (P<0.05), while the protein expression of Bcl-2 was decreased (P<0.05). No significant difference in the protein levels of PI3K and Akt among the 3 groups was observed, while the protein level of p-Akt in 33 and 40 mmol/L glucose groups was decreased compared with normal control group (P<0.05). Compared with high glucose group, the expression of ROCK1 and ROCK2 was decreased in high glucose+Y27632 group. No significant difference in the protein levels of PI3K and Akt among the 3 groups was observed. Compared with normal control group, the protein level of p-Akt in high glucose group was decreased, and the protein level of p-Akt in high glucose+Y27632 group was increased significantly compared with high glucose group. CONCLUSION Under high glucose environment, ROCK may reduce the level of p-Akt by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway， thus promoting the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes.     

Effects of calpain-2 and autophagy-related protein 5 on hepatocyte apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress

AIMTo investigate the effects of calpain-2 and autophagy-related protein 5 (Atg5) on apoptosis of BRL-3A rat normal liver cells during endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) induced by dithiothreitol (DTT). METH?ODS: BRL-3A cells were treated with DTT at 2.0 mmol/L for 0, 6, 12 and 24 h to induce ERS. Real-time cell analysis (RTCA) was used to measure the effect of DTT on BRL-3A cell proliferation. Apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were analyzed by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of calpain-2 and Atg5 was detected by real-time PCR. The protein levels of calpain-2, Atg5, Atg7, Atg12 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) were determined by Western blot. The interaction between calpain-2 and Atg5 was investigated by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). RESULTSThe proliferation of BRL-3A cells treated with DTT was significantly inhibited. The apoptosis of BRL-3A cells was significantly increased after DTT treatment for 6, 12 and 24 h as compared with 0 h group (P<0.05). The cell cycle was arrested in G₁ phase after DTT treatment (P<0.05). After DTT treatment for 6, 12 and 24 h, the mRNA expression of calpain-2 and Atg5 in the BRL-3A cells was significantly increased as compared with 0 h group (P<0.05). The protein levels of calpain-2, Atg12 and Atg7 in the cells treated with DTT for 6, 12 and 24 h were significantly higher than those in 0 h group, and the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I was also significantly higher than that in 0 h group, while Atg5 expression was significantly lower than that in 0 h group (P<0.05). The results of Co-IP found that the anti-calpain-2 antibody precipitated Atg5 protein from the cell lysates, and the anti-Atg5 antibody also precipitated calpain-2 from the cell lysates, which confirmed the interaction between calpain-2 and Atg5. CONCLUSION Calpain-2 may participate in ERS-induced hepatocyte apoptosis by interacting with Atg5.     

‘品丽珠’葡萄不同营养系酚类物质差异分析

筛选山东蓬莱产区酿酒葡萄‘品丽珠’黄烷醇、花色素苷含量较高的优良营养系，以期为发挥其酿酒性能提供理论依据。以蓬莱产区品丽珠母本及3个芽变营养系（214、327、623）为试材，采用分光光度计法分析葡萄果皮和种子中总酚、总单宁、总花色素含量，利用高效液相色谱法分析酚酸类、黄酮醇类、黄烷醇类、花色苷单体及白藜芦醇含量。研究结果表明，黄烷醇是种子和果皮中主要的单体酚，其中儿茶素含量最高；二甲花翠素葡萄糖苷是果皮中主要的花色苷。在相同的栽培管理条件和自然条件下，品丽珠不同营养系间的酚类物质差异较明显，相同营养系不同年份间也有显著差异。其中营养系623果皮和种子的总酚、种子的单宁和黄烷醇以及果皮和种子中的酚酸类、单体花色苷含量显著高于其他营养系和母本。     

欧洲葡萄‘粉红亚都蜜’NAC基因DRL1负向调节植物抗旱性

以欧洲葡萄‘粉红亚都蜜’（Vitis vinifera‘Yatomo Rose’）为材料，利用荧光定量PCR技术和转基因技术研究葡萄NAC转录因子DRL1基因对逆境的响应。欧洲葡萄‘粉红亚都蜜’在激素和逆境胁迫下，DRL1表达呈下降趋势，其中以ABA和干旱胁迫处理最为显著。在ABA处理下DRL1转基因烟草株系种子萌发率和根长均高于野生型。干旱处理下，转基因植株对干旱的耐受性降低，同时胁迫相关基因NtLEA5、NtP5CR1、NtPSCS1、NtERD10C和NtDREB3的表达水平比野生型显著下降。此外，DRL1转基因烟草茎中柱发育受到抑制，尤其是导管横切面积仅为野生型的58%。以上结果表明，DRL1基因可能作为1个负向调节子参与植物的干旱胁迫。